一、簡單配置nginx的動靜分離
假設web1為靜態服務器，web2為動態服務器，node2做代理
1.1 根據目錄分開
web1只處理靜態請求
[root@web1 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/www/image
[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install lrzsz
[root@web1 ~]# cd /var/www/www/image/
[root@web1 image]# rz
[root@web1 image]# ll
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 156848 Mar 13 11:31 nhrzyx.png
[root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
DocumentRoot "/var/www/www"
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
web2只處理動態請求
[root@web2 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/www/dynamic
[root@web2 ~]# echo dynamic10 > /var/www/www/dynamic/index.html
[root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
DocumentRoot "/var/www/www"
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
訪問測試
http://172.25.254.134/image/nhrzyx.png
http://172.25.254.135/dynamic/index.html
1.2 通過請求分離
配置代理
[root@lb01 conf]# vim nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream stack_pools {
server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;
}
upstream dynamic_pools {
server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.lbtest.com;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;
}
location /image/ {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://stack_pools;
}
location /dynamic/ {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;
}
}
}
[root@lb01 conf]# nginx -s reload
配置hosts ，瀏覽器訪問測試
172.25.254.131 www.lbtest.com
http://www.lbtest.com/image/nhrzyx.png
http://www.lbtest.com/dynamic/
1.3 根據擴展名分離
[root@lb01 conf]# vim nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream stack_pools {
server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;
}
upstream dynamic_pools {
server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.lbtest.com;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;
}
location ~ .*.(jpg|png|gif|css|js|swf|bmp|jsp|php|asp)$ {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://stack_pools;
}
}
}
[root@lb01 conf]# nginx -s reload
http://www.lbtest.com/image/nhrzyx.png
1.4 根據客戶端標識進行分離
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream stack_pools {
server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;
}
upstream dynamic_pools {
server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.lbtest.com;
location / {
if ($http_user_agent ~* "MSIE")
{
proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;
}
if ($http_user_agent ~* "firefox")
{
proxy_pass http://stack_pools;
}
}
proxy_set_header Host $host;
}
}
[root@web1 image]# echo stack_web>> /var/www/www/test.html
[root@web1 image]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@web2 ~]# echo dynamic_web>>/var/www/www/test.html
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
分別使用IE和火狐瀏覽器訪問
http://www.lbtest.com/test.html
1.5 使用客戶端的pc和移動分離
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream stack_pools {
server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;
}
upstream dynamic_pools {
server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.lbtest.com;
location / {
if ($http_user_agent ~* "iphone")
{
proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools;
}
if ($http_user_agent ~* "android")
{
proxy_pass http://stack_pools;
}
}
proxy_set_header Host $host;
}
}
分別使用安卓和iphone訪問測試
http://www.lbtest.com/test.html
二 、優化
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time =600
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 4000 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16348
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 16384
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 18364
[root@node2 ~]# sysctl -p
簡單介紹keepalive和nginx
配置keepalived實現nginx負載均衡的高可用
keepalive更適合于見得IP漂移，如果資源服務有控制，heartbeat更適合，比如存儲方向的高可用
三、 nginx反向代理的健康檢查
nginx做反向代理的時候，當后端就的服務器出現宕機的時候，ngixn不能把這臺realserver剔除upstream的，所以還會把請求轉發到后端的這臺realserve上，雖然nginx可以在localtion中啟用proxy_next_upstream來解決返回給客戶的錯誤頁面，但這個還會會把請求轉發轉給這臺服務器，然后再轉發別的服務器，這樣就浪費了一次轉發，借助淘寶團隊開發的nginx模塊nginx_upstream_check_module來檢測后方的realserver的健康狀態，如果后端服務器不可用，則所有的請求不轉發到這臺服務器
check interval=5000 rise=1 fall=3 timeout=4000;
3.1 直接添加到配置文件
[root@node2 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream web_pools {
server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;
server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;
# server 172.25.254.158:80 weight=5 backup;
check interval=5000 rise=1 fall=3 timeout=4000;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.lbtest.com;
location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://web_pools;
}
}
}
[root@node2 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: [emerg] unknown directive "check" in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:14
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed
檢查失敗
下載nginx的模塊https://github.com/yaoweibin/nginx_upstream_check_module，使用nginx打上模塊的安裝，當做nginx的升級
3.2 下載模塊
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# yum -y install git
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# git clone https://github.com/yaoweibin/nginx_upstream_check_module.git
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ll
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Apr 13 00:57 nginx_upstream_check_module
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# cd nginx_upstream_check_module/
[root@node2 nginx_upstream_check_module]# ll
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 13 00:57 CHANGES
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7921 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.11.1+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8330 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.11.5+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8060 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.12.1+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8054 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.14.0+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5483 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.2.1.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7130 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.2.2+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7094 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.2.6+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6791 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.5.12+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8295 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.7.2+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8346 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.7.5+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8509 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.9.2+.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6943 Apr 13 00:57 check.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 749 Apr 13 00:57 config
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 43 Apr 13 00:57 doc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1709 Apr 13 00:57 nginx-sticky-module.patch
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 29 Apr 13 00:57 nginx-tests
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 112010 Apr 13 00:57 ngx_http_upstream_check_module.c
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 529 Apr 13 00:57 ngx_http_upstream_check_module.h
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2848 Apr 13 00:57 ngx_http_upstream_jvm_route_module.patch
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11509 Apr 13 00:57 README
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 79 Apr 13 00:57 test
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3342 Apr 13 00:57 upstream_fair.patch
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 81 Apr 13 00:57 util
3.3 打補丁
[root@node2 nginx_upstream_check_module]# cd ../
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# yum -y install patch
注：因nginx版本更新，1.12以上版本的nginx，補丁為check_1.11.5+.patch
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# patch -p0 < ./nginx_upstream_check_module/check_1.11.5+.patch
patching file src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_hash_module.c
patching file src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module.c
patching file src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_least_conn_module.c
patching file src/http/ngx_http_upstream_round_robin.c
patching file src/http/ngx_http_upstream_round_robin.h
3.4 編譯安裝
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
> --user=nginx --group=nginx \
> --with-http_ssl_module \
> --with-http_realip_module \
> --with-http_addition_module \
> --with-http_gzip_static_module \
> --with-http_stub_status_module \
> --with-http_sub_module \
> --with-pcre \
> --add-module=./nginx_upstream_check_module
出現一個新的目錄 為objs
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ll
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 187 Apr 13 01:04 objs
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# make
sed -e "s|%%PREFIX%%|/usr/local/nginx|" \
-e "s|%%PID_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid|" \
-e "s|%%CONF_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf|" \
-e "s|%%ERROR_LOG_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log|" \
< man/nginx.8 > objs/nginx.8
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2'
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ll objs/
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 41 Apr 13 01:04 addon
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 16895 Apr 13 01:04 autoconf.err
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 42396 Apr 13 01:04 Makefile
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5993600 Apr 13 01:06 nginx #nginx新的可執行文件
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5341 Apr 13 01:06 nginx.8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7202 Apr 13 01:04 ngx_auto_config.h
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 657 Apr 13 01:03 ngx_auto_headers.h
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6412 Apr 13 01:04 ngx_modules.c
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 87120 Apr 13 01:06 ngx_modules.o
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 91 Apr 3 22:38 src
備份就得ngxin，并拷貝新的nginx
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
[root@node2 sbin]# mv nginx nginx.bak
[root@node2 sbin]# cp /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin
[root@node2 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
nginx: [emerg] getpwnam("nginx") failed
[root@node2 sbin]# id nginx
id: nginx: no such user
[root@node2 sbin]# useradd nginx
[root@node2 sbin]# id nginx
uid=1002(nginx) gid=1002(nginx) groups=1002(nginx)
[root@node2 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
[root@node2 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@node2 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
成功安裝
3.5 配置
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream web_pools {
server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5;
server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5;
# server 172.25.254.158:80 weight=5 backup;
check interval=5000 rise=1 fall=3 timeout=4000;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.lbtest.com;
location / {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://web_pools;
}
location /nstatus{
check_status;
access_log off;
}
}
}
[root@node2 conf]# nginx -s reload
3.6 訪問測試
兩個狀態正常
關掉一個
[root@web1 image]# systemctl stop httpd
關掉兩個
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl stop httpd
開啟一個
[root@web1 image]# systemctl start httpd
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
成功實現后端檢查功能
以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
